[ { "part": "M13.8 ATA 31", "ch": "What are the three main types of aircraft instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Flight instruments, engine instruments, and navigation instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Position instruments", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Condition instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of instrument do flight control position indicators fall into?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Positon/condition instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Flight instruments are responsible for displaying", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Aircraft's flight attitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Aircraft's flight control surface position", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Aircraft position", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of instrument does vertical speed indicator fall into?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Engine instrument", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of instrument does artificial horizon fall into?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Engine instrument", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which instruments generally occoupy the center position of the cockpit front panel?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Engine instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are navigation instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They are those that contribute information used by the pilot to guide the aircraft along a definite course.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are those that contribute information used by the pilot to maintain the aircraft speed.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are those that contribute information used by the pilot to maintain the aircraft altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are salient characteristics of the atmosphere?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Pressure, density, humidity and temperature", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure, humidity and temperature", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure, density, water and temperature", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is air density?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Weight per unit of volume", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Amount of water vapor in the air", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Amount of oxygen in the air", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is humidity?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The amount of water vapor in the air", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The amount of nitrogen in the air", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The amount of carbon dioxide in the air", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Where does most civilian aviation takes place?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "In the troposphere", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "In the stratosphere", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "In the thermosphere", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does ISA stands for?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "International Standard Atmosphere", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Integrated Standard Atmosphere", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "International Standard Altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does a pressure transducer do?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It converts a non-electric pressure signal into an electrical signal", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It converts an electrical signal into a non-electric pressure signal.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It converts an electrical signal into a mechanical force.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does an altimeter indicate?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The height of the aircraft above a predetermined level", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The speed of the aircraft", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The distance from the aircraft to a ground station", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is another name for a Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Vertical Velocity Indicator", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Altimeter", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Airspeed Indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the function of a thermocouple?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To measure temperature.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure pressure.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure humidity.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of the EGT indicating system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To measure the temperature of the turbine exhaust gases.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To monitor the engine's overall performance.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To regulate the turbine's operating temperature.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of a heating element in a TAT probe?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To prevent ice formation on the probe.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To increase the accuracy of the temperature measurement.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To prevent the probe from overheating.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a capacitance-type fuel quantity system measure fuel level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring the capacitance of the tank units.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the weight of the fuel.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the pressure of the fuel.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of gyroscopic instruments in aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Provide attitude and directional information", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Provide altitude and airspeed information", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Provide altitude and heading information", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the power source for spinning the gyro in a pressure-driven gyro?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Air pump.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "DC electric motor.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Vacuum source", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is gyroscopic precession utilized in flight instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate turns and bank angles", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate airspeed", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a solid state gyro?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A gyro with no moving parts.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A gyro which is resistance to corrosion.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A gyro which is power by vaccum pump.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the key component that allows an RLG to measure rotational rate?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Laser beams", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A piezoelectric dithering motor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A mechanical gyroscope", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary difference between electric and vacuum-driven attitude indicators?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The type of power source", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The orientation of the gyro rotor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The method of indicating the aircraft's attitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of a directional gyro (DG)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To provide a stable heading reference", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's rate of turn", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the aircraft's altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of a turn coordinator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's rate of turn and roll", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the aircraft's slip or skid during a turn.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide a stable heading reference during a turn", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of a Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To warn pilots of potential ground collisions or obstacles.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide real-time weather updates and forecasts to the flight crew.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide real-time terrain maps to the passengers.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of a magnetic compass in an aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate direction", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calculate airspeed", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate attitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a classic \"T\" arrangement on older aircraft, what is put on the top center position directly in front of the pilot and copilot?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The artificial horizon", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The altimeter", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The airspeed indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Some aircraft instruments incorporate the use of radio signals to define a specific course while flying the aircraft en route from one airport to another. They are categorized as", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Condition instruments", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which aircraft instruments are designed specifically to direct the pilot's approach to landing at an airport?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Navigation instruments", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Flight instruments", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Condition instruments", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "GPS technology is built into some aircraft instrument packages. What is the purpose of this?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "For navigational purposes", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "For entertainment purposes", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "For rescue purposes", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is the earth's atmosphere held to the planet?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By gravity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By centrifugal force", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By fictitious force", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which statement is correct regarding the earth's atmosphere?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within about 11 km (6.8 miles; 36 000 ft) of the surface.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "99% of the atmosphere's mass is within about 11 km (6.8 miles; 36 000 ft) of the surface.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "9% of the atmosphere's mass is within about 11 km (6.8 miles; 36 000 ft) of the surface.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are three gases that comprise about 99% of dry air?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Nitrogen, oxygen and argon", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Oxygen, helium and carbon dioxide", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The higher the measurement is taken off the ground, atmospheric pressure", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Decreases", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Increases", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Stays the same", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Approximately 14.7 psi", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "14.7 hPa", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "14.7 \"HG", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In the troposphere, as an aircraft ascends:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Atmospheric pressure drops, the quantity of oxygen decreases, and temperature drops", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Atmospheric pressure increases, the quantity of oxygen decreases, and temperature drops", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Atmospheric pressure drops, the quantity of oxygen increases, and temperature drops", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the relationship between air density and air pressure?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Density varies in direct proportion with the pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density varies inversely with the pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density does not change when pressure changes.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the relationship between air density and air temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Density varies inversely with the temperature", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density varies in direct proportion with the temperature", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density does not change when temperature changes.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The weight of water vapor in a unit volume of air is defined as:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Absolute humidity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Relative humidity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The ratio, in percent, of the moisture actually in the air to the moisture it would hold if it were saturated at the same temperature and pressure is defined as:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Relative humidity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Absolute humidity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Density", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Assuming that the temperature and pressure remain the same:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The density of the air varies directly with the humidity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The density of the air varies inversely with the humidity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The density of the air does not depend on the humidity", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the relationship between temperature and altitude in the troposphere?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Temperature decreases as altitude increases", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Temperature increase as altitude increases", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Temperature does not change with altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the relationship between temperature and altitude in the stratophere?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Temperature increases with altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Temperature decreases with altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Temperature does not change with altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "When the real atmosphere was the same as ISA, the sea level temperature would be", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "15°C", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "25°C", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "5°C", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "When the real atmosphere was the same as ISA, the air pressure at sea level is", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "1013 hPa", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "1013 psi", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "1013 \"Hg", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is included in a manometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A pressure sensing element", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A temperature sensing element", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A transducer", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The pressure of a system relative to a perfect vacuum is called:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Absolute pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Differential pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Gauge pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The pressure difference between the inputs of two or more pressure levels is called", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Differential pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Absolute pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Gauge pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which pressure sensor has two separate pressure ports?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Differential pressure sensor", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Absolute pressure sensor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Gauge pressure sensor", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which types of pressure sensor are oftend used for filter monitoring?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Differential pressure sensor", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Absolute pressure sensor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Gauge pressure sensor", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "The pressure which is measured relative to ambient pressure which is the atmospheric pressure at a given location is called", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Gauge pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Differential pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Absolute pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a gauge pressure sensor:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The input pressure is through the high port and the ambient pressure is applied through the open low port", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The input pressure is through the low port and the ambient pressure is applied through the open high port", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is only one port for input pressure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How many ports does an absolute pressure sensor have?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "One, low pressure port only", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Two, low pressure and high pressure port", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Three: low pressure, high pressure and return port.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "A C-type Bourdon tube is constructed from a C-shape tube that is:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Fixed at both ends", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fixed at one end and free at the other end", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Free at both ends", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "A diaphragm pressure transducer is used for", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Low pressure measurement", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "High pressure measurement", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Extremely high pressure measurement", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "A Bellows is constructed by:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Connecting a number of diaphragm chambers (capsules) together", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Connecting a number of C-type Bourdon tubes together", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Connecting a number of spiral Bourdon tubes together", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "A device that is used to monitor the presence of pressure that is above or below a set-point and do not indicate the exact amount of pressure being applied is called:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A pressure switch", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A pressure transducer", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A differential pressure sensor", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are three most common pitot-static instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and compass", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The artificial horizon, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the function of the pitot tube?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To capture impact air pressure.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To capture ambiant air temperature", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To capture static air pressure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why are many pitot tubes heated during flight?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To prevent icing of the tube", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To prevent insect from entering the tube", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To keep the temperature of the tube stable.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is pitot tube protected from icing during flight?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Electrically heated.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using de-icing fluid.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By hot air.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What do static ports collect?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Static air pressure information", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Dynamic air pressure information", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Impact air pressure information", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How can altitude can be determined?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring air pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring air temperature", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring air humidity", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does an analog VSI work?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By comparing static pressure inside and outside a diaphragm", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the difference between static and dynamic pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the difference between static pressure and temperature", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a variometer primarily used in?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Gliders and lighter-than-air aircraft", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Commercial airliners", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Helicopters", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Where is the vertical speed information often displayed on a primary flight display?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Near the altimeter information", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Near the heading indicator", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Near the attitude indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary purpose of an airspeed indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To measure the speed of an aircraft", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the altitude of an aircraft", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the direction of an aircraft", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the critical Mach number?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The maximum speed an aircraft can reach without experiencing shock waves.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The maximum speed an aircraft can reach.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The minimum speed an aircraft needs to maintain to stay airborne.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the red and white striped pointer on a Mach/airspeed indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's Mach number.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's heading.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's rate of climb or descent.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why are air data computers (ADCs) commonly used in these aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To compensate for air temperature and density.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calculate fuel consumption.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To improve the aircraft's performance.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What types of thermometers are used in aviation to measure temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Non-electric temperature indicators and electrical thermometers", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Mercury thermometers and digital thermometers", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only electrical thermometers", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the main components of an electrical resistance thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Indicating instrument, temperature-sensitive element, connecting wires, plug connectors", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Bulb, battery, gauge, wire", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Thermometer, resistor, switch, gauge", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the typical temperature range for electrical resistance thermometers?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "*-70°C to 150°C", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "*-70°C to 550°C", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "550°C to 1050°C", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the closed-end metal tube attached to the threaded plug in an electrical resistance thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To protect the resistor element.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide a connection to the indicator.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To regulate the temperature of the resistor.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a thermocouple?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A circuit of two dissimilar metals joined at two junctions", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A circuit of two dissimilar metals joined at one junction.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A circuit of two similar metals joined at two junctions.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a thermocouple work?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring the voltage produced by the difference in temperature between the two junctions.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the resistance change caused by the difference in temperature between the two junctions.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the magnetic field produced by the difference in temperature between the two junctions.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are two common applications of thermocouples in aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Measuring CHT and EGT", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Measuring OAT and EGT", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Measuring OAT and CHT", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In what range of temperature is the thermocouple commonly used?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "High temperature.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Low temperature.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Very low temperature.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is the temperature measured in an EGT or TIT system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Using multiple thermocouples spaced around the turbine casing or exhaust duct.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Using multiple thermocouples located at the top of the turbine casing.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Using multiple thermocouples located at the bottom of the turbine casing.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the over-temperature warning light in the TIT indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate when the engine is overheating.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To signal a problem with the thermocouple system.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To alert the pilot to a potential engine failure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a simple TAT system measure air temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring the change in resistance of a platinum alloy element.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the expansion of a metal coil.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the pressure difference between two points.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does an ultrasonic-type fuel quantity indicator measure fuel level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring the time it takes for a sound wave to travel to the fuel surface and back.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the time it takes for a sound wave to travel between fuel tanks.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the time it takes for a sound wave to travel from the bottom to the top of the fuel tank.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the ball in a turn-and-slip indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate slip or skid during a turn", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's bank angle", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To indicate the rate of turn", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a TAWS system work?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By combining digital terrain data with aircraft instrument data to predict potential collisions.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By analyzing radar data to detect nearby aircraft.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using GPS signals to track the aircraft's position and altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the main components of GPWS?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "GPWC, GPWC Warning Lights and Control Panel", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "GPWC, GPWC Warning Lights and GPWC Warning Flags", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Control Panel, GPWC Warning Lights and GPWC Warning Flags", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "At what altitude range does Mode 5 operate?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "30 to 1000 feet radio altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "0 to 300 feet radio altitude", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "1000 to 3000 feet radio altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of a flux gate compass?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To sense the earth's magnetic field and transmit directional information.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide accurate altitude readings.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure airspeed.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a flux gate compass work?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By utilizing the earth's magnetic field to induce voltage in pickup coils.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a gyroscope to maintain a fixed orientation.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring atmospheric pressure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the advantage of original analog flight instruments which are operated by air pressure and the use of gyroscopes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They can operate without the need of electrical power", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are more accurate than the other types", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are maintenance free.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why are pneumatic altimeter, gyro artificial horizon, and magnetic direction indicator often retained in mordern aircraft equiped with instrument systems that are electrically operated?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They are retained for redundancy.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because they are more accurate.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are used for the observers.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Navigational progress can be calculated by using a clock and a magnetic compass, along with:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The airspeed indicator and wind information", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The airspeed indicator and temperature information", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The artificial horizon and wind information", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why can an aircraft fly faster at a high altitude than at a low altitude?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Because at a high altitude, air offers less resistance to the aircraft when it contains a smaller number of air particles per unit of volume", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because at a high altitude, air offers more resistance to the aircraft when it contains a smaller number of air particles per unit of volume", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because at a high altitude, air offers more lift to the aircraft when it contains a smaller number of air particles per unit of volume", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "If the air in one container is under half as much pressure as an equal amount of air in an identical container:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The air under the greater pressure weighs twice as much as that in the container under lower pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The air under the lower pressure weighs twice as much as that in the container under greater pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The air in the two container has the same weight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does temperature affect the amount of water vapor that air can hold?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The higher the temperature of the air, the more water vapor it can absorb", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The higher the temperature of the air, the less water vapor it can absorb", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The amount of water vapor the air can absorb does not depend on temperature", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why does an aircraft require a longer runway for takeoff on damp days than it does on dry days?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Because on damp days, the air density is less than on dry days.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because on damp days, the air density is more than on dry days.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because on damp days, the air temperature is less than on dry days.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is true about water vapor?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Water vapor weighs less than an equal amount of perfectly dry air", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Water vapor weighs more than an equal amount of perfectly dry air", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Water vapor and an equal amount of perfectly dry air have the same weight", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Isobars on maps are lines that connect:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Equal points of pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Equal points of temperature", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Equal points of humidity", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What happens when a filter, which is monitored by a differential pressure sensor, starts to clog?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The pressure drop across the filter will increase", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pressure drop across the filter will decrease", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pressure drop across the filter will not change", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is true about Bourdon tubes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They have very high range of differential pressure measurement in the range of almost 100 000 psi", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are generally deployed in high pressure measurement applications", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are very accurate and suitable for most aeronautical uses.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which materials are typically used to made the Bourdon tubes which mechanically move the hand of the instrument dial?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Phosphor Bronze, Beryllium Bronze, or Beryllium Copper", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Phosphor Bronze, Beryllium Bronze, or alluminum alloy", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Phosphor Bronze, Beryllium Bronze, or Titanium", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the restrictor usually installed in the Bourdon tube?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To stop too much pressure from damaging the tube.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To stop too much pressure from damaging the tube.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To protect the diaphragm.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is one disadvantage of Bourdon tubes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They may not be accurate enough for some aeronautical uses", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They cannot measure high pressure.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They can not measure fluid pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a typical diaphragm assembly, what happens when a force acts against a thin stretched diaphragm?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It causes a deflection of the diaphragm with its center deflecting the most", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It causes a deflection of the diaphragm with its edge deflecting the most", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It causes equal deflection of the diaphragm from center to edge.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why are corrugated diaphragms often used instead of the convential ones?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Because corrugated designs help in providing a linear deflection and also increase the member strength", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because corrugated designs help in providing a non-linear deflection and also increase the member strength", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because corrugated designs help in providing a linear deflection and also decrease the member strength.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is the pitot tube mounted on the aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It is mounted on the outside of the aircraft and pointed in a forward direction parallel to the aircraft's line of flight.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is mounted on the outside of the aircraft and pointed in a backward direction parallel to the aircraft's line of flight.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is mounted on the outside of the aircraft and pointed in a downward direction perpendicular to the aircraft's line of flight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What caution should be exercised when near the pitot tube?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The pitot tubes' heating elements may make the tube too hot to be touched without receiving a burn.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pitot tubes may suddenly move and injure yourself.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pitot tubes head are very sharp and may cause injury.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why air from the cabin can not be used as alternate static air pressure source on pressurized aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Because on pressurized aircraft, cabin air pressure may be significantly different than the outside ambient air pressure.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because on pressurized aircraft, cabin air temperature may be significantly different than the outside ambient air temperature.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because on pressurized aircraft, cabin air pressure does not change with altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of alternate source of static air pressure?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "For emergency use.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "For reference for the observers only.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "For maintenance use only.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In which situation will the pilot most likely select the altinate static air pressure source?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "When the flight instruments are not providing accurate indications.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "When the flight instruments are used for an extended period of time.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "When the aircraft enters an area with bad weather.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Two primary static ports may be located on opposite sides of the fuselage and connected with a \"T\" or \"Y\" tubing for input to the instruments, the purpose is:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To compensate for any variations in static air pressure on the vents due to the aircraft's attitude and correct any errors associated with asymmetrical flight (slip-skid).", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To compensate for any variations in static air pressure on the vents at low altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To compensate for any variations in static air pressure on the vents at high altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why are vent pipes typically angled downwards?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To drain any water or contaminants which may block the airway.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To make it easier to repair.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To make it easier to install.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the effect of icing on the static ports?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The static ports may be blocked and cause incorrect reading of some flight instruments.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The air entering the ports may be too cold which cause incorrect reading of some the flight instruments.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The static ports may retract that cause incorrect reading of some flight instruments.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which instruments are affected by blockage of the pitot tube?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The Air Speed Indicator", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The Vertical Speed Indicator", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The Altimeter", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why is the blockage of the static source more serious than the blockage of the pitot source?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Because a blockage of the pitot source will only affect the ASI, while the blockage of the static source will affect all of the instruments.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because a blockage of the pitot source will not affect any instruments, while the blockage of the static source will affect all of the instruments.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Because there is always an altinate source of pitot source.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a pressure altimeter, when the altimeter is moved higher in the atmosphere, what cause the movement of the pointer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The expansion of the aneroid", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The compression of the aneroid", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The retraction of the aneroid", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the main factor that affects altimeter readings?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Weather conditions", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Aircraft speed", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fuel load", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the ICAO standard mean atmospheric pressure at sea level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "1013.25 mb", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "1013.25 hPa", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "1013.25 inHg", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which pressure setting is used above the transition level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "QNE", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "QFE", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "QNH", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does QFE represent?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Pressure at the airfield elevation", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure at sea level", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure at the transition level", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which pressure setting is used to indicate the aircraft's altitude above mean sea level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "QNH", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "QFE", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "QNE", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the effect of temperature on an altimeter?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It can cause a false indication, especially at high altitudes.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It causes the altimeter to read higher than the actual altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It has no effect on the altimeter.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is density altitude?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The altitude corrected for non-standard temperature.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The altitude indicated by the altimeter.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The altitude above mean sea level.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is scale error in an altimeter?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "An error due to misalignment of the instrument's scale.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "An error caused by the location of the static vent.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "An error caused by temperature variations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is position error in an altimeter?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "An error caused by the location of the static vent.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "An error due to misalignment of the instrument's scale.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "An error caused by temperature variations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of a static system leak check?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To detect any leaks that could affect the altimeter's readings.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To ensure the accuracy of the altimeter's scale.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To check for errors caused by temperature variations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the difference between indicated altitude and true altitude?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "True altitude is corrected for temperature and pressure, while indicated altitude is not.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Indicated altitude is corrected for temperature and pressure, while true altitude is not.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is no difference between indicated altitude and true altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the term used for the vertical distance of an aircraft above the terrain it is flying over?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Absolute altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Altitude", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Height", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the term used for the altitude indicated by the altimeter when set to the local barometric pressure at mean sea level?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Indicated altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "True altitude", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the term used for the altitude corrected for non-standard atmospheric conditions?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Density altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Indicated altitude", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the term used for the altitude at which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Transition altitude", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Transition level", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Transition layer", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the highest point of the landing area?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Touchdown zone elevation", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Aerodrome elevation", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Runway end elevation", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the term used for the pressure setting used to indicate the aircraft's height above a specific airfield or datum?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "QFE", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "QNE", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "QNH", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the zeroing adjustment screw on a VSI?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To center the pointer at zero when the aircraft is on the ground", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To adjust the altitude reading", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calibrate the airspeed indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What causes the pointer on a VSI to move upward when the aircraft climbs?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A pressure differential between the inside and outside of the diaphragm", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "An increase in static pressure inside the diaphragm", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A decrease in static pressure outside the diaphragm", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary disadvantage of the basic rate-of-climb mechanism?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It has a lag in indicating climb or descent", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is inaccurate at high altitudes", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is difficult to read", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does an Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (IVSI) address the lag issue?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By using a small accelerometer to hasten the pressure differential", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a more accurate pressure sensor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a faster diaphragm", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a variometer work?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By comparing static pressure with a known pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the difference between static and dynamic pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the difference between temperature and altitude", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a digitally displayed instrument system, how is the rate-of-climb indication computed?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By using an aneroid pressure sensor and a digital clock", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a gyroscope", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a pitot tube", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What two types of pressure are used to calculate airspeed in an analog instrument?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Ram air pressure and static pressure", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Static pressure and atmospheric pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Barometric pressure and altitude pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What factors can affect the accuracy of an airspeed indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Temperature, pressure, and position error", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only temperature and pressure", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only position error", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How can digital flight instruments improve airspeed accuracy?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By performing calculations in the ADC", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By eliminating the need for mechanical linkages", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using more complex algorithms", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the difference between indicated airspeed and true airspeed?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Indicated airspeed is not corrected for temperature and pressure, while true airspeed is.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Indicated airspeed is corrected for temperature and pressure, while true airspeed is not.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is no difference between indicated airspeed and true airspeed.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the main problem with exceeding the speed of sound for aircraft that are not designed for it?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Shock waves can cause structural damage.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The aircraft's engines may overheat.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The aircraft's fuel efficiency decreases.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why does the speed of sound change with altitude and temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The density of the air changes with altitude and temperature.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The aircraft's weight changes with altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The Earth's gravity changes with altitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What additional component do Machmeters contain compared to traditional airspeed indicators?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "An altitude sensing diaphragm.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A gyroscope.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A GPS receiver.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the main challenge of pitot-static systems in high-performance and jet transport category aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The high altitude and temperature affect the compressibility of air.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The complexity of the aircraft's flight controls.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The difficulty in maintaining a constant airspeed.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How do analog ADCs convert sensed air pressures into electrical values?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Using transducers and circuits.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Using a digital-to-analog converter.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Using a mechanical linkage system.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the benefits of using digital air data computers (DADCs)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Reduced weight and complexity of the system, and improved accuracy and reliability", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Reduced weight and cost of the system, and improved accuracy and reliability", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Incresed weight and complexity of the system, and improved accuracy and reliability", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How do DADCs help in verifying the plausibility of data received from sensors?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By running internal checks and algorithms.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By comparing the data to historical records.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By consulting with ground control.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the principle behind the operation of a bimetallic thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The expansion and contraction of different metals at different rates.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The change in color of the metal strip with temperature.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The change in electrical resistance of the metal strip with temperature.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In what application are direct reading bimetallic thermometers commonly used in aviation?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Measuring outside air temperature (OAT) on light aircrafts.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Measuring engine oil temperature on light aircrafts.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Measuring fuel flow rate on light aircrafts.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is the bimetallic strip installed on a bimetallic thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "One end of the bimetallic strip is fixed, the other end is coiled.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Two ends of the bimetallic strip are fixed.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Two ends of the bimetallic strip are coiled.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a direct reading bimetallic thermometer measure outside air temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By using a probe that extends through the windshield", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a probe that's placed inside the cockpit.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a sensor located in the engine compartment.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the principle behind how an electrical resistance thermometer works?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Changes in temperature affect the electrical resistance of a metal.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Changes in pressure affect the electrical resistance of a metal.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Changes in light affect the electrical resistance of a metal.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which types of alloys are more suitable for use in electrical resistance thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Alloys with a high temperature-resistance coefficient", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Alloys with a low temperature-resistance coefficient", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Alloys with a very low temperature-resistance coefficient", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the Wheatstone bridge circuit in an electrical resistance thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To measure the unknown resistance of the temperature bulb.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide power to the thermometer.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To regulate the temperature of the thermometer.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What happens to the galvanometer pointer when the temperature of the bulb changes in a Wheatstone bridge circuit?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It moves, indicating the temperature change.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It remains stationary.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It moves in a random direction.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of the zero adjustment screw on an electrical resistance thermometer indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To adjust the pointer's position when the bridge is balanced.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calibrate the temperature scale.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the power supply to the thermometer.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the advantage of the ratiometer over Wheatstone-bridge temperature indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A ratiometer is less susceptible to errors caused by line voltage fluctuations.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The ratiometer is subject to errors from line voltage fluctuation, while the Wheatstone-bridge temperature indicator is not.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The ratiometer has wider range of temperature measurement than the Wheatstone-bridge temperature indicator.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a ratiometer electrical resistance thermometer measure temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring the ratio of current flows through two coils.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the voltage drop across the resistance bulb.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the resistance of the resistance bulb.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What components are essential for the operation of a ratiometer electrical resistance thermometer?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A variable resistance, a fixed resistance, two coils, a pointer assembly, and a permanent magnet.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A Wheatstone bridge, a galvanometer, and a resistance bulb.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A thermocouple, a voltmeter, and an ammeter.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the magnetic field of the permanent magnet in a ratiometer influence the pointer movement?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The magnetic field lines are more concentrated at the top, causing the stronger coil to pivot downward and the weaker coil to pivot upward.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The magnetic field is uniform, causing the pointer to move linearly.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The magnetic field is weak, causing the pointer to be insensitive to temperature changes.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a ratiometer, what happens if the bulb temperature increases?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The pointer will rotate to the fixed resistance side.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pointer will rotate to the bulb side.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The pointer will stay in the vertical position.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "When the temperature of the bulb in the ratiometer change, when does the pointer stop rotating?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "When the fields reach a new balance point that is directly related to the resistance in the sensing bulb.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "When the fields reach a new balance point that is directly related to the resistance in coil A.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "When the fields reach a new balance point that is directly related to the resistance in coil B.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the relationship between electromotive force and temperature in a thermocouple?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They are directly proportional", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are inversely proportional", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is no relationship", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a voltmeter used for in a thermocouple circuit?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To measure the electromotive force", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the resistance", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the current", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are two common types of hot junctions for thermocouples?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Gasket and bayonet", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Thermistor and RTD", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Probe and sensor", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is compensation for changes in cockpit temperature achieved?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By using a bimetallic spring connected to the indicator mechanism", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a digital temperature sensor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a mechanical thermostat", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "For thermocouple leads. Each lead that makes a connection back to the voltmeter:", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Must be made of the same metal as the part of the thermocouple to which it is connected.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Must be made of the dissimilar metal as the part of the thermocouple to which it is connected.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Can be made of any conductive material.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the difference between EGT and TIT?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "EGT measures temperature at the turbine outlet, while TIT measures temperature at the turbine inlet.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "EGT measures temperature at the turbine inlet, while TIT measures temperature at the turbine outlet.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is no difference between EGT and TIT.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary challenge in measuring air temperature during flight?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The dynamic nature of the air flow around the aircraft.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The changing altitude of the aircraft.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The continuous fluctuation of atmospheric pressure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the difference between static air temperature and total air temperature?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Static air temperature is measured at rest, while total air temperature includes the effect of air movement.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Static air temperature is measured at high speeds, while total air temperature is measured at low speeds.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Static air temperature is measured at high altitudes, while total air temperature is measured at low altitudes.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the recovery factor?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A correction factor applied to the TAT reading.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A measure of the heat loss from the TAT probe.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A measure of the efficiency of a TAT probe.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary advantage of a multifunctional probe?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It can measure multiple parameters with a single sensor.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is less susceptible to icing.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is more accurate than a traditional TAT probe.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary disadvantage of using a Ram Air Temperature (RAT) measurement?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It is less accurate than a Total Air Temperature (TAT) measurement.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It requires more complex instrumentation.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is more susceptible to icing.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of the resistance balance circuit in a simple TAT system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To compare the resistance of the sensor element to a reference resistance.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To convert the analog signal to a digital signal.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To amplify the signal from the sensor.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How can Outside Air Temperature (OAT) be calculated?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By subtracting the Temperature Rise (TR) from the Total Air Temperature (TAT).", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By adding the Temperature Rise (TR) to the Total Air Temperature (TAT).", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By subtracting the Total Air Temperature (TAT) from the Temperature Rise (TR).", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What causes Temperature Rise (TR) in external air temperature measurement?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The friction of air against the aircraft.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The change of aircraft altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The change of aircraft attitude.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What happens to the airflow in a Total Air Temperature Probe?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The airflow is slowed down to an almost complete stop to measure the Ram Rise.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The airflow is heated to a predetermined value to measure the Ram Rise.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The airflow gains speed to measure the Ram Rise.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In a TAT probe, what happens if airflow to the platinum sensor gains added energy from the probe heater?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The temperature measurement will be less accurate.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The temperature measurement will be more accurate.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The temperature measurement will be more reliable.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What best describes the float in a ratiometer-type fuel quantity indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The float in the tank is connected to a connecting arm to the wiper on a variable resistor in the tank unit.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The loat in the tank is directly conneced to the indicating pointer.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The loat in the tank is mechanically conneced to the indicating pointer through a connecting arm.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the principle behind the operation of a ratiometer-type fuel quantity indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Changes to the current flowing through the tank unit resistor change the current flowing through one of the coils in the indicator", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Changes to the current flowing through one of the coils in the indicator change the current flowing through the tank unit resistor", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Changes to the capacitance of the tank unit sensor change the current flowing through one of the coils in the indicator", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of fuel quantity indicator uses a variable resistance to drive an indicator?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Ratiometer-type", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Ultrasonic-type", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Capacitance-type", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary advantage of a capacitance-type fuel quantity system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It has no moving parts in the tank units.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ ".It is less expensive than other types.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is more accurate at low fuel levels.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of the compensator unit in a capacitance-type fuel quantity indicating system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To compensate for temperature variations in the fuel.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calibrate the system for different types of fuel.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To amplify the electrical signal.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is correct in an ultrasonic fuel quantity indicating system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Fillage = Total height – Ullage", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fillage = Total height + Ullage", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fillage = Ullage - Total height", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What causes the change of the capacitance of the capacitance-type fuel tank probe when fuel tank level changes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The space between the inner and outer plates is filled with varying quantities of fuel and air depending on the ammount of fuel in the tank.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Change of the gap between the inner and outer plates of the probe.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Change of the gap between the upper and lower plates of the probe.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of a fuel summation unit in a capacitance-type system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To add the fuel quantities from all tanks.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To calibrate the system for different types of fuel.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "o amplify the electrical signal.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of a trimmer in a capacitance-type system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To match the capacitance output with the pre-calibrated quantity indicator.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To compensate for temperature variations in the fuel.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To amplify the electrical signal.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of the piezoelectric crystals in an ultrasonic-type fuel quantity indicating system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To convert electrical energy into sound waves and vice versa.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To amplify the electrical signal.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure the pressure of the fuel.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "For what purpose is the mechanical-type fuel indicating system used?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To cross-check fuel quantity indications and to ascertain the amount of fuel onboard the aircraft when electrical power is not available", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To cross-check fuel quantity indications and to ascertain the amount of fuel onboard the aircraft when the amount of fuel onboard is too low.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To cross-check fuel quantity indications and to ascertain the amount of fuel onboard the aircraft when the amount of fuel onboard is too high.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What was the original source of power for gyroscopic instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Vacuum", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Electricity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a common alternative source of power for gyroscopic instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Electric power", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Hydraulic power", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Solar power", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why were early gyroscopic instruments primarily vacuum-driven?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To avoid contamination from oil-lubricated pumps", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To reduce weight", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To increase accuracy", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the advantage of self-lubricated dry pumps over oil lubricated pumps in gyroscopic instruments?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Self-lubricated dry pumps pressure output has less contamination than oil lubricated pumps pressure output.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Self-lubricated dry pumps pressure output is more stable than oil lubricated pumps pressure output.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Self-lubricated dry pumps pressure output has more contamination than oil lubricated pumps pressure output.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why is air filter at the outlet of the pump in a pressure gyro system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To reduce contamination and prevent damage to the gyros.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To reduce contamination and prevent damage to the pump.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To reduce the output pressure.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is a significant advantage of pressure-driven gyroscopic instruments at high altitudes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Improved efficiency", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Increased power output", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Reduced maintenance", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the advantage of electric gyros over vaccum-driven gyros?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "In electric gyros, elimination of vacuum pumps, plumbing, and vacuum system components helps save weight.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "In electric gyros, addition of vacuum pumps, plumbing, and vacuum system components helps increase reliability.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Since air is not sent through the gyro to spin the rotor, contamination worries are increased in an electric gyro.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the three primary flight instruments controlled by gyroscopes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn-and-bank indicator", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Mach meter, pressure altimeter, and magnetic compass", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the key component of a mechanical gyroscope?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A high-speed rotating rotor", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A stationary wheel", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A balanced pendulum", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary difference between a captive gyro and a free gyro?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The number of axes of rotation", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The type of bearings used", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The power source", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the phenomenon of a gyro resisting external forces and maintaining its orientation?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Gyroscopic rigidity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Precession", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Centrifugal force", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What factors influence the gyroscopic rigidity of a gyro?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Rotor weight, angular velocity, rotor radius, and bearing friction", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Air pressure, temperature, and humidity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Magnetic field strength, electrical current, and voltage", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which characteristic of gyros is exploited in the attitude indicating instruments and the directional indicators that use gyros?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Gyroscopic rigidity", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Precession", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Centrifugal force", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "For a given size, which gyro is more resistance to disturbing forces?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A heavy mass is more resistant to disturbing forces than a light mass.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A light mass is more resistant to disturbing forces than a heavy mass.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Rigidity doesn't depent on mass.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does angular velocity affect a gyro's rigidity?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The higher the rotational speed, the greater the rigidity or resistance is to deflection", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The higher the rotational speed, the smaller the rigidity or resistance is to deflection.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Angular velocity does not affect a gyro's rigidity.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the principle behind the operation of a Ring Laser Gyro (RLG)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Sagnac effect", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Doppler effect", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Bernoulli's principle", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of the piezoelectric dithering motor in an RLG?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To prevent lock-in of the output signal", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To amplify the laser signal", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To cool the laser cavity", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the advantages of RLGs over mechanical gyroscopes?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Higher accuracy, longer lifespan, and no moving parts", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Lower cost, lighter weight, and simpler design", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Faster response time, wider operating temperature range, and greater durability", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does a rotating path affect the light traveling through an RLG?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It changes the wavelength of the light", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It changes the speed of light", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It changes the polarization of the light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is precession addressed in electric attitude indicators?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By using a magnetic erection system", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Through a vacuum pump system", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By manually adjusting the gyro's orientation", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which information does GPWC receive?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "TAS, barometric altitude, barometric altitude rate, radio altitude, glide scope deviation, present position, heading data.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Engine temperature, oil pressure, and fuel flow.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Air traffic control communications and weather radar.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In GPWS Mode 1 - Large or Excessive Descent Rate, when does the GPWC generate the alert?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Between 30 ft and 2450 ft RA, when the barometric altitude rate exceeds a threshold value.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Above 2450 ft RA, when the barometric altitude rate exceeds a threshold value.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Below 30 ft RA, when the barometric altitude rate exceeds a threshold value.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary purpose of GPWS Mode 3?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To provide alerts after take-off or during a missed approach.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide alerts during landing.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide alerts during cruise flight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Under what conditions does Mode 3 activate?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Landing gear up and flaps less than 25 units.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Landing gear down and flaps extended.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Landing gear up and flaps extended.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of Mode 5 in the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To alert the pilot when the aircraft is too far below the glide slope beam on the ILS course approach with the landing gear down.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To alert the pilot when the aircraft is too high above the glide slope beam.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To alert the pilot during back course approaches.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What happens when the aircraft descends below 300 feet radio altitude and the glide slope deviation is more than 2 dots?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The aural message \"GLIDE SLOPE\" is repeated at the normal sound level, and the message frequency increases as the situation worsens.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The glide slope message is repeated more slowly as the terrain clearance decreases.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The aural message \"GLIDE SLOPE\" is repeated at half the sound intensity level.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the GPWC determine if an alert condition exists for the TCF?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By comparing the aircraft's position and radio altitude to a terrain clearance envelope.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By comparing the aircraft's position and barometric altitude to a terrain clearance envelope.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By comparing the aircraft's position and altitude to a predefined flight path.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary cause of magnetic deviation?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Local electromagnetic influences", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The Earth's magnetic field", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Atmospheric pressure", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the difference between magnetic variation and magnetic deviation?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Magnetic variation is caused by the difference between the Earth's magnetic poles and geographic poles, while magnetic deviation is caused by local electromagnetic influences.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Magnetic variation is caused by the Earth's magnetic field, while magnetic deviation is caused by local electromagnetic influences.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "There is no difference between magnetic variation and magnetic deviation.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is dip error, and how does it affect a magnetic compass?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Dip error is caused by the Earth's magnetic field pulling the compass needle downward, affecting accuracy near the poles.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Dip error is caused by local electromagnetic influences, affecting accuracy near the equator.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Dip error is caused by atmospheric pressure, affecting accuracy at high altitudes.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of the slaved gyro compass system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To combine gyroscopic and magnetic direction information.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide accurate timekeeping.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To measure engine performance.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the RMI enhance the direction finding system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By integrating radio navigation aids like VOR and ADF.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By providing information about the aircraft's altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By measuring the aircraft's airspeed.", "false" ] } ] }, { "part": "M13.9 ATA 33", "ch": "What is the main purpose of position lights on an aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To indicate the aircraft's position", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To illuminate the runway", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To help passengers find their seats", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which exterior light is primarily used during landing and takeoff?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Landing light", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Anti-collision light", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Wing inspection light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary purpose of aircraft interior lights?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To illuminate the cabin and various compartments for visibility and safety", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To improve the aircraft's aerodynamics", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the aircraft's speed", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How are the circuits for cargo compartment lights protected?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Circuit breakers", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fuses", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Ground wires", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Where are lighting strips and exit lights located in an aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "In the floor and at exit points", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "On the overhead bins", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "In the cockpit", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What areas do emergency lights illuminate during an emergency evacuation?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The over-wing area at emergency exits and on the escape slides", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The wings and tail section", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The cockpit and the loading area section", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What happens to most emergency lights during a total electrical failure?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They revert to dedicated batteries", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They increase in brightness", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They shut down", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What type of batteries are commonly used in emergency EXIT/area lights?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "NiCad batteries", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Lead-acid batteries", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Lithium-ion batteries", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Where are anti-collision lights usually installed on an aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "On top of the fuselage or tail", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "On the wings", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "On the landing gear", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of anti- collision light produces an extremely bright intermittent flash of white light?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Strobe light", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Incandescent light", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Halogen light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How is the light produced in a strobe light?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By a high voltage discharge in a sealed xenon-filled tube", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By heating a filament", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a solar panel", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What type of light do strobe lights produce?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "An extremely bright intermittent flash of white light", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A continuous beam of red light", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A continuous beam of blue light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What component supplies voltage to the sealed xenon-filled tube in a strobe light?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A dedicated power pack", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A battery", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A manual switch", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "A set of position lights consist of ?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "One red, one green, and one white light", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "One red, one blue, and one white light", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "One red, one green, and one blue light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How are wingtip clearance lights controlled on some aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By the same circuitry as the taxi lights", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By the independent circuitry with the taxi lights", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By operate wingtip lights switch", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which additional lights might supplement dual taxi lights on some aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Wingtip clearance lights", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Tail lights", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Strobe lights", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of a dimming resistor in the landing light circuit of some aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To provide reduced illumination for taxiing", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To increase power consumption", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To change the color of the light", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How can the landing lights be reduced illumination for taxiing ?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By a dimming resistor", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By decrease the voltage supply", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using dimming protector", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Where can crews control passenger cabin lights ?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Interface panels", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Cabin lights control panel in the cockpit", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Passenger lights control panel in the cockpit", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Wing inspection lights permit visual detection of ice formation on?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Wing leading edges", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Wing upper surfaces", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Wing leading edges and wing upper surfaces", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What voltage is used for fluorescent lights on Boeing aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "115 VAC", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "220 VAC", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "28 VAC", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What component is responsible for providing the high voltage for strobe lights?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "A capacitor", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "A transformer", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "A high voltage protector", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How are certain emergency lights automatically switched in case of partial electrical failure?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By switching to the hot DC battery bus", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By switching to the AC bus", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By using a remote control", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the role of solid-state switching logic in emergency EXIT/area lights?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To manage the switching and battery charging processes", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To enhance illumination intensity", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To adjust the light color", "false" ] } ] }, { "part": "M13.10 ATA 45", "ch": "What is the primary function of aircraft printers?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To print out paper copies of reports and documents from the onboard maintenance system.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To display information on screens in the cockpit.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the aircraft's navigation systems.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the purpose of damage tolerance inspections (DTIs)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To detect cracks and other structural deformations in fatigue critical structures.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To improve fuel efficiency.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To monitor passenger comfort during flights.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of a Central Maintenance System (CMS)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To initiate airplane system tests and record test results.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To operate the flight control systems of the aircraft.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To manage fuel efficiency during flight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does ACARS stand for?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Automated Communication and Reporting System.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Air Traffic Communication and Reporting System.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of an aircraft's data loading system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To upload and download data to and from various airplane systems.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the aircraft's navigation systems.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To provide in-flight entertainment options.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does ELS stand for?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Electronic Library System.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Electronic Learning System.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Enhanced Library System.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the core functions of on-board maintenance systems?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To monitor the aircraft for faults, record fault data, and provide information about these faults to flight crews and maintenance personnel.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the aircraft's speed and altitude.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To assist in flight planning and navigation.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "According to ARINC Standard 744A, what is one of the capabilities of aircraft printers?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To print high-resolution alphanumeric text and graphical images.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To connect to satellites for data transmission.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To operate without any power supply.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why is structure monitoring considered important in aircraft maintenance?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To detect fatigue damage as aircraft age.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To enhance in-flight entertainment systems.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To manage passenger services effectively.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What type of inspection methods can be used for damage tolerance inspections (DTIs)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Visual inspection, eddy current, and X-ray.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Routine maintenance and passenger surveys.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Weather condition assessments and pilot evaluations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What strategy does a Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) program follow?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Maintenance is carried out only when needed.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Maintenance is performed on a fixed schedule regardless of need.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Maintenance is based solely on pilot recommendations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of data does the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) process?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Digital, analogue, and discrete inputs from airplane systems.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only analogue signals from the aircraft's sensors.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Solely visual data from the cockpit displays.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What does a caution fault indicate to the crew?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It requires immediate crew awareness but no immediate action.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It requires immediate action from the crew.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is a fault that does not need to be addressed.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which type of data bus is commonly used to connect BITE circuits to the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "ARINC 429.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "RS-232.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "USB 2.0.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the number of MCDUs fitted to an aircraft vary with its size and complexity?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Smaller airplanes may have a single MCDU, while larger airplanes typically have two or three.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "All airplanes have the same number of MCDUs regardless of size.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only large airplanes have MCDUs; smaller airplanes do not use them.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is the primary function of the ACARS system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To transmit data from various systems on board the airplane to ground stations.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To control the aircraft's navigation systems.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To manage in-flight entertainment systems.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Which device is used on many Airbus airplanes for uploading and downloading data?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Multipurpose Disk Drive Unit (MDDU).", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Maintenance Access Terminal (MAT).", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Multifunction Control Display Unit (MCDU).", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is one benefit of using an electronic library system (ELS) instead of paper manuals?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It results in weight savings and easier access to information.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It provides more detailed information than paper manuals.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It eliminates the need for maintenance manuals.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How do on-board maintenance systems assist maintenance crews on the ground?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They provide tools for testing and troubleshooting purposes.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They replace the need for all technical publications.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They automatically fix faults without crew intervention.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "In what ways can on-board maintenance systems be used to access procedural data?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They allow technical data to be uploaded, downloaded, viewed, and printed by maintenance personnel.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They require physical manuals to be brought to the aircraft.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They only provide digital access when the aircraft is on the ground.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the speed of aircraft printers vary based on the type of content being printed?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Text generally prints faster than images, with some printers able to print a page of text in as little as 5 seconds.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Images print faster than text due to their simplicity.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "All types of content are printed at the same speed regardless of complexity.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What precautions should be taken when storing paper for aircraft printers?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The paper should be kept away from heat sources and out of direct sunlight to prevent darkening.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The paper can be stored anywhere without concerns.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The paper should be soaked in water for preservation.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What types of input can aircraft printers receive?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Input from CMCs, the ACARS system, and potentially wirelessly via a local area network.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Input only from the cockpit controls.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Input exclusively from external USB devices.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How do strain sensors contribute to the onboard structure health monitoring system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They detect deformation in critical points of the aircraft structure.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They automatically repair structural damage.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They manage passenger load calculations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Explain how ultrasonic monitoring can identify structural damage in aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It compares ultrasonic waves from damaged and undamaged structures.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It measures the temperature changes in the aircraft.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It analyzes fuel efficiency during flights.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What role do central sensor controllers play in structure monitoring?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They collect and process data from strain sensors.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They provide entertainment options for passengers.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They manage aircraft navigation systems.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the comparative vacuum monitoring method detect structural cracks?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "By measuring changes in differential pressure between vacuum and atmospheric galleries.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "By comparing flight speed with structural integrity.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "By analyzing passenger load and balance.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What is one of the challenges posed by composite materials in aircraft structures?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They are more brittle and susceptible to damage.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are heavier than traditional materials.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They require more maintenance than aluminum alloys.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "Why is it essential to record and evaluate data gathered during damage tolerance inspections?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "To ensure the aircraft remains structurally sound and prevent accidents.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "To enhance passenger entertainment systems.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "To improve fuel efficiency in flight operations.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the introduction of nano-composites benefit aircraft maintenance and monitoring?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They possess semi-conductor properties for structural monitoring.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are completely maintenance-free.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They increase the overall weight of the aircraft.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What can result from not effectively monitoring fatigue critical structures (FCS) in aircraft?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Catastrophic failure of the aircraft structure.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Improved passenger experience.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Enhanced fuel efficiency.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) interacts with other systems on the aircraft to ensure safe operation and ?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The CMC acquires inputs from various systems, processes them, and generates fault messages that inform the flight crew about potential issues.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The CMC only monitors the landing gear systems without interfacing with other components.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The CMC solely focuses on storing data without active communication with other systems.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the benefits of installing dual Central Maintenance Computers (CMCs) in a Central Maintenance System (CMS)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It provides redundancy, allowing one CMC to take over if the other fails, ensuring continuous monitoring and fault detection.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Dual installations increase the complexity and maintenance requirements of the system.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Having two CMCs is unnecessary as one CMC can handle all data inputs independently.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How the function of the power supply module within the Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) and its importance?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The power supply module converts airplane power supply voltage to appropriate regulated DC voltages for the CMC's logic circuits.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It provides backup power to the flight deck displays.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It is solely responsible for storing fault history in non-volatile memory.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How are warnings classified in terms of visual and aural indications?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "They are displayed as a RED visual indication accompanied by a continuous aural warning.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are displayed as an AMBER visual indication accompanied by a single aural tone.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "They are displayed as a WHITE visual indication with no aural indication.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How way does the Airbus classification system for faults differ from the CMS classification?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Class 1 faults in Airbus correspond to warnings and cautions, while Class 2 faults are advisories or system status notifications.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Airbus only uses two classifications: warnings and errors.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The Airbus system does not record faults but only displays them to the crew.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How are the three categories of tests performed by BITE and their significance in aircraft operations?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Initial/Power-up Test, Cyclic/Continuous Test, and Interruptive/Maintenance Test ensure system functionality, continuous monitoring, and troubleshooting support respectively.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Tests are only performed during pre-flight checks.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "BITE only conducts tests that affect the aircraft's performance in flight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the BITE system ensure that it does not adversely affect the operation of the aircraft during different flight phases?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The CMS receives inputs from flight guidance computers and system configurations to determine the appropriate level of testing.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "BITE systems are deactivated during flight phases.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "BITE performs extensive tests at all times without consideration of flight conditions.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How do BITE indicators assist maintenance teams in diagnosing faults in Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "BITE indicators provide visual feedback with colored lights (green, red, amber) that communicate the status of the LRU, aiding in quick fault diagnosis.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Indicator lights are solely for decorative purposes and do not indicate system status.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Maintenance crews rely on verbal communication for troubleshooting without the need for visual indicators.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How MCDUs assist users in monitoring aircraft faults and how they can impact maintenance decisions?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "MCDUs display current faults, fault history, and allow users to navigate menus for detailed information, aiding in troubleshooting and maintenance planning.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "MCDUs only show past faults and do not assist with current fault monitoring.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "MCDUs are used solely for entertainment purposes and do not provide maintenance information.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the process of accessing fault information using an MCDU?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Users navigate on-screen menus using line keys to select and view current faults, previous faults, and system statuses.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Fault information can only be accessed via a printed manual.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Users must wait for a maintenance crew to check the system manually.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the capability to connect a remote device, such as a laptop computer, enhance the functionality of the MCDU?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It allows users to access and download current and previous fault reports from the CMC.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Remote devices cannot be connected to MCDUs.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Remote devices are used only for entertainment and do not access maintenance data.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the ACARS system help maintenance crews before the aircraft arrives at its destination?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "It allows them to diagnose issues based on fault data relayed from the aircraft.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "It helps them monitor passenger comfort during the flight.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "It allows them to manage flight schedules and delays.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What are the two modes of operation for the ACARS system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Demand mode and polled mode.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Active mode and passive mode.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Automatic mode and manual mode.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How does the process by which data is uploaded to the central maintenance computer (CMC) using the data loading system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Data is uploaded through the data loading system, often using a USB or other storage medium, and routed to the CMC as selected by the Data Loader Selector (DLS).", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Data is manually input by the flight crew through the cockpit controls.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "The CMC automatically downloads data without human intervention.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How the navigation database is updated in an aircraft and why this is necessary?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The navigation database is updated periodically through the data loading system, typically every 28 days, to reflect changes in airport locations, airways, and radio navigation aids.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The navigation database is updated only once a year and does not require frequent changes.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Updates to the navigation database are done manually by the flight crew.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What types of reports can be downloaded from the aircraft using the data loading system?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Reports of current faults and fault history stored within the central maintenance computer.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Flight crew performance reports.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Weather reports during flight.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "How can maintenance personnel access the databases in an electronic library system (ELS)?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "Through an on-board display terminal, keyboard, or an external device like a laptop.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only through an on-board display terminal.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "Only through a printed manual.", "false" ] } ] }, { "ch": "What must be done periodically to ensure the accuracy of the information in an ELS?", "ansGr": [ { "ans": [ "The databases in an ELS must be updated periodically as revisions are made to the technical data contained in the manuals.", "true" ] }, { "ans": [ "The electronic library must be replaced entirely.", "false" ] }, { "ans": [ "All paper manuals must be reinstated.", "false" ] } ] } ]